Tuesday, November 6, 2007

If You Live in California, This Probate Information Is for You

Probate is the process of handling the estate of someone who dies. Probate ensures that whatever outstanding taxes and debts against the estate are paid and then the remaining assets are distributed to the heirs and beneficiaries of the estate.

The probate process begins with a request or petition to formally open the estate papers and name a personal representative who will be responsible for administrating the estate and controlling the estate's property. The court then prints an "Official Notice of Creditor" in the local newspaper and sends a "Notice of Administration" to each involved party. Any creditor then has a certain amount of time file a claim against the estate, based on date of the newspaper ad and other notification. The personal representative then collects all the pertinent information, pays any legitimate outstanding debts against the estate and distributes the remaining assets to the heirs and beneficiaries. Last, a petition for discharge of the case is filed and it is closed.

The above is a very simplistic sketch of what can be a complex legal process. It is always a good idea in such matters to consult the advice of an attorney who specializes in probate related cases. He or she may then recommend that you consult a certified public accountant or other tax expert.

The First Month

The first month you must file the original wills and codicils to the wills with the probate courts. The executor of an estate must petition the probate court within 30 days of the death or lose the right to be executor. Then, you must then publish the Notice of Petition to Administer the Estate a total of three times, the first being at least 15 days prior to the hearing. You must then mail the Notice of Petition to Administer the Estate and file proof of publication and proof of mailing, proof of will, all within the 15 days. You may be required to check the calendar notes at least two days before the hearing date and file an Order for Probate or probate bond. Any letter issued may be at the same time, or sent after filing for probate.

The Next Four or Five Months

The personal representative of the estate will have several tasks to perform in the coming months of the probate process. You must first apply for an Employer Identification Number, notify the Director of Health Services, open the estate bank account, arrange for the preparation of the income tax returns of the estate, inventory and appraise the assets of the estate. You must then mail a Notice of Administration to all creditors, pay the debts, list any property for sale with a realtor, and begin to market and sell any other assets needed to raise money. You will then file a Petition of the Confirmation of Property Sale, attend court hearings for any overbids, file Change in Ownership Statements with the county assessor for all real estate changing hands, and file income tax forms, if the estate is valued at $675,000 or more.

The Final Month

During the final month of probate, the personal representative will accomplish more tasks. You will file for Petition for Final Distribution, mail Notice of Hearings to the heirs and beneficiaries, and file any proof of such mailings. At the very end of the process, you will file Order for Final Distribution, oversee the transfer of assets to the heirs and beneficiaries, file any Receipts and Affidavits for Final Discharge.

Milos Pesic is a Certified Financial Planner who runs a highly popular and comprehensive Probate web site. For more articles and resources on probate process, how to avoid probate, probate court, probate law and much more visit his site at:

=>http://probate.need-to-know.net/

Thursday, October 18, 2007

What Should I Consider Before Hiring an Attorney?

Know What Type of Attorney You are Considering Hiring

You need to determine if the lawyer you are considering hiring has the necessary experience and expertise to represent you effectively on your case. Ask your coworkers, family members, or friends to recommend any attorneys they may have used for a similar case.

Thoroughly Investigate Your Options

Make sure you research several attorneys by asking them questions about their experience and law practice areas. You want to make sure that the lawyers you are considering have expertise in the area of case law that you need. See if they offer a free initial consultation, how long they have been practicing, what cases they normally handle and the percentage of each type, how often they handle your particular type of case, and what fees can be expected. Make sure you ask any and all questions up front no matter how trivial they may seem. Also, make sure you make phone calls, but then meet with your finalists in person to be certain you are comfortable before agreeing to hire someone.

Observe How Your Prospective Attorney Replies to Your Inquiries

Watch whether the attorneys you interview write down notes and seem organized. Get a feeling for how open and straightforward they are. See if the potential lawyers explain things clearly and give you any written information you need.

Observe Your Prospective Attorney's Office Environment and Staff Members

You should also be comfortable in your lawyer's office and with their staff members since you will be working closely with them over a period of time.

Attorney Fees and Costs

You need to get information about any fees or costs associated with your case. Fees typically fall into four categories.

1. Contingent - You do not pay your attorney unless your case is won. Then the lawyer usually takes anywhere from 20% to 35% of your settlement or judgment.

2. Hourly - Your lawyer charges you a flat fee per hour.

3. Flat - For certain types of cases a single, one-time fee is charged.

4. Retainer - This is an up-front fee used to keep an attorney. This money is paid before the lawyer starts work and many times is used like an initial payment for fees and expenses incurred.

If you cannot afford to pay fees immediately you may negotiate with your prospective attorneys to pay on an installment or monthly payment plan.

Know Your Agreement

Make sure you and your attorney are on the same page as far as what exactly your agreement is. Make sure your lawyer and you both know what is covered and get an agreement in writing so there are no remaining questions.

Major Factors to Consider

When considering hiring an attorney, look for the right combination of availability, cost, experience, and suitability (how well your ideas mesh with the attorney's) for the best attorney to represent you.

If you or a family member are in need of legal aid, contact the experienced attorneys at The Florida Firm today.

Tuesday, October 16, 2007

Identity Theft - You Can Prevent It

Identity Theft - You Can Prevent It
By now everybody has heard of some horror story about identity theft from TV shows or magazine articles. In the popular culture, references of identity theft are found in the novels and movies, notably Frederick Forsyth's novel, �The day of the Jackal� and the 1995 movie �The Net.� In real life, the Identity Theft Resource Center (http://www.idtheftcenter.org) reports 8.9 millions identity theft victims in 2006.

So, what is an identity theft? An identity theft occurs when somebody steals vital pieces of personal information, e.g. your social security, credit card numbers, etc. and uses that information for financial gains by taking your identity. The most common form of identity theft involves credit card and mortgage frauds. But it can also be used for vicious crimes like drug dealings, terrorism, etc.

You may be surprised to know that many minor identity thefts are committed by someone you know. So, don't make it an easy job for a person to steal your personal information from your wallet, checkbook, etc. Avoid leaving things containing your personal information lying around for others to have an easy access to that information.

Shred, shred, shred. Buy a cheap paper shredder from an office supply store and shred all your paid bills, used check books, etc. before tossing those into the trash. Put aside 30 minutes every Saturday morning for shredding anything that contained your personal information and you intend to trash. Make it a habit.

Never give out your personal information like your social security number; birth date etc. over the phone when the call you received is unsolicited. Your financial institutions have those information and they will not ask you for that. Sometimes, for verification purposes, they make ask you the last four digits of your social security number.

Don't pay to get anybody to get a copy of your credit report. Because of a congressional mandate, all three-credit report bureaus will give you a copy of your credit report for free every year. Go to AnnualCreditreport.com to obtain your free credit report every year from TransUnion, Equifax, and Experian. While obtaining your free credit report, these bureaus will push some paid services. Just ignore those.

Don't get your free credit reports from the three bureaus all at the same time. Then you have to wait one year before you can get your reports again for free. In the mean time, some unwanted stuff may show up in your report. Get your free report every four months from each bureau. If you are using a PDA, password protect it to prevent others from accessing it.

Phishing is a popular method to steal sensitive information for identity theft purposes. Don't be a phishing victim. Avoid clicking on any link that comes to your way through e-mails or IM. The e-mail will disguise itself coming from your financial institutions (your bank or PayPal accounts) and will urge you to click a link to verify your accounts or resort to such other tricks. Sometimes, it can be outright threatening. If you click the link you will end up in the thief's website. And if you enter your user name and password, the thief will have enough information to log into your actual account.

Open online accounts for all your credit cards and financial accounts. Online accounts are not only convenient for faster bill paying, paperless transactions, etc.; they also help monitor your accounts frequently, instead of waiting for the monthly bill or statement to arrive. Monitor your accounts online every week and if you see any suspicious charges, checks, etc., call you banks immediately. Also setup e-mail based account alerts, if available, to alert you when charges are made to your accounts.

If possible, avoid putting your outgoing mails containing bills and checks in your mailboxes for easy access by a thief. Drop them in mailboxes located in the post office or street corners. Better yet, setup online bill payment with your bank and avoid the snail mail for bill paying.

You also need to keep your computer safe. Thieves can get into computers through spyware and unsecured wireless or network connections. Use anti-spyware programs and turn on your Windows default personal firewall program. To prevent viruses infecting your computer, use an anti-virus program. Setup accounts for each user of your computer and ask them to use strong passwords that include a combination of letters and numbers.

Another way to prevent anybody, including you, from opening any credit in your name is to freeze your credit. This option is not available in all states. If it is available in your state and you opt for this option, you need to lift the block before you allow anybody, e.g. an employer for a new job, creditor for a car loan, etc., to access your credit information. Though it is almost like a foolproof system to prevent identity theft, it is the also the most inconvenient method.

Dr. Deepak Dutta is the creator of http://www.semanticbay.com - an interactive social network website based on user shared text and picture. His other website http://www.classifiedsforfree.com - is one of the oldest online classifieds site where users can post ads in more than 600 US cities and 60 countries.

Source: Submit Free Reprint Article 24/7 at 247Articles.com

George Lindemann Sr

One of the most distinguished residents of Palm Beach, Florida, is gas and media tycoon George Lindemann Sr., one of the richest men in the world according to Forbes. With a net worth estimated at $1.5 billion, George Lindemann and his family are currently ranked 512th in Forbes' list of The World's Richest People 2006.

George Lindemann, however, is more than just your usual wealthy man. On top of being a smart and able business executive and a consummate family man, he also happens to be wealthy in a lot of other aspects. A patron of the arts, an influential philantrophist, a defender of civil rights and an avid sportsman are just some of the adjectives that best describe George Lindemann, the billionaire.

Born in 1936 in New York City, Lindemann went on to earn a Bachelor of Science degree in economics from The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. This education was put to good use, which shows in the resounding success of the many diverse enterprises he has entered into through the course of his life.

In 1958, he joined the cosmetics and hair care products company of his father, which eventually diversified into pharmaceutical products. Dabbling in eye, ear, nose and throat product research, as well as early research on intraocular lenses, Lindemann is primarily responsible for the development and marketing of the first permanent-wear soft contact lens, Permalens. This is where his fortunes began to rise and eventually make him one of the wealthiest men in the world

After selling his contact lens business to Cooper Labs for $60 million in 1971, Lindemann went on to become president of Vision Cable Communications, a pioneer in the cable television industry with New Jersey, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida and Louisiana operations. From there, he became the president and CEO of Metro Mobile Communications, Inc., the second largest SMR (specialized mobile radio) dispatch company in the United States. Eventually, he sold the Metro Mobile cell service to Bell Atlantic for $2.6 billion in 1992.

At present, George Lindemann is the chairman of the board, president and CEO of Southern Union Company, which ranks as the second largest natural gas pipeline company in the United States. He has been the chairman and CEO of the company since 1990, while his position as president didn't come until his appointment in November 2005. Lindemann and his family own about 10% of Southern Union. His family also currently holds a large stake in Verizon Communications. In addition to all this, he owns 19 Spanish-language radio stations.

An active supporter of the arts, George Lindemann sits on the board of the New Orleans Museum of Art, as well as that of the Metropolitan Club in New York City. He is also on the board of directors of the International Class A Yacht Association, Perto Cervo, Sardinia, Italy. Ever the avid sportsman, Lindemann also happens to be the proud owner of the 180-foot schooner named Adela that took the Maxi Yacht Rolex Cup 2005 at Porto Cervo, Sardinia, Italy.

For more info on George Lindemann Sr., visit author Neil Crespi at http://www.myspace.com/neil_crespi. Frequently updated, his site contains more important details about billionaire George Lindemann Sr.

Source: Submit Free Reprint Article 24/7 at 247Articles.com

Advice on how to choose a San Diego divorce lawyer

Date: Sunday, May 14 @ 09:49:23 HKT
Topic: Legal Matters


A divorce is a painful and stressing event in some couples’ lives that usually leaves emotional scars and reveals old and forgotten problems within the family. When undergoing a divorce, choosing the right San Diego divorce lawyer can massively improve your chances of wining the trial.

The first thing you must do when choosing a San Diego divorce lawyer is to look at the lawyer’s experience and past court time, the fee that he charges and the type of divorce he specializes in. Always rely on your San Diego divorce lawyer to provide you with the necessary information about the procedures involved in a divorce, never trust outside sources or publications, choosing a San Diego divorce lawyer that you can trust is one of the most important decisions you will make during a divorce. Before making this important decision it is crucial that you inform yourself about the divorce rates in the state, seek different law offices and ask around about the best San Diego divorce lawyer that exists, taking the financial factor into consideration. Be advised that a good San Diego divorce lawyer is difficult to find and most of them are already involved in ongoing cases. Try to find people that went trough a divorce and ask information about the best divorce lawyers, the best fees and all of the appropriate criteria. When possible go to the San Diego divorce lawyer’s office and ask around, seek client testimonials, ask about past trials, the win/loose ratio, the availability of the San Diego divorce lawyer and the fees. It is better to find out about the San Diego divorce lawyer on the spot, at his office, from the people you can trust rather than believing rumors. Request a client list whenever possible and talk to these people to find out the MO of the San Diego divorce lawyer, the medium length of the trials and how do things usually unfold in a divorce. Sign up for a consultation with each San Diego divorce lawyer that is worthy.

Keep in mind when choosing a San Diego divorce lawyer that there are a lot of hidden sides and factors too. During divorce, communication between you and the San Diego divorce lawyer must be done smoothly, so try to find out if the lawyer is prompt and responds to phone calls or e-mails quickly. A San Diego divorce lawyer that is hard to contact over the phone or by any other means must be avoided because undergoing divorce with this kind of person is lengthy and painful for both sides.

Take your time and ask the lawyer about your case, procedures, fees, length of the process and so on, do this with multiple persons and then choose your desired trustworthy San Diego divorce lawyer. Ask about all the things discussed above, take your time and don’t rush. If the San Diego divorce lawyer is a single practitioner and he is not involved with other lawyers then you must remember that communication with him might be slow because he has to work with multiple clients at the same time. Also, you should make some online research about these San Diego divorce lawyers. You will find a multitude of reviews and personal websites that will again help you choose the right person for you. Remember that, as a last alternative, there are online divorce forms that you can complete and they take a lot of the San Diego divorce lawyer’s work off their shoulders, but these are always very cloudy and generic and don’t apply to every case. If possible, fill in these forms with a professional next to you and don’t rely on the forms for a successful case. Use them as a general guideline.

Depending on the case, you might have children or property to split with your former spouse and this is another reason why you should research the best San Diego divorce lawyer out there. Splitting property, being divided amongst parties, is risky business and the San Diego divorce lawyer must know how to deal with this kind of problem.

After you have taken all these steps into consideration and you are confident about the expertise of your San Diego divorce lawyer, be prepared for an emotional rollercoaster that isn’t avoidable by any means - the stress of a divorce.



Resource box:
Advice during divorce is always needed, but the best information you can get to win a case comes from the San Diego divorce lawyer .

Why You Need a Home Loan Countrywide Loan

Date: Friday, April 01 @ 02:44:09 HKT
Topic: Legal Matters


Why You Need a Home Loan Countrywide Loan

by: Mike Yeager

From a small office in 1969, home loan countrywide has achieved recognition among consumers and investors as one of America's leading home finance companies. Evidence of growth and industry leadership is home loan countrywide's inclusion in the S&P 500, Forbes 500 and Fortune 500. Home loan countrywide began with a vision - to make the dream of homeownership accessible to everyone. Over the years, the company has grown, as have the ways in which they serve their customers. They have leveraged their skills in mortgage banking into diversified businesses that work together to provide customers with a complete range of financial services under one roof. Their diversification includes capital markets, insurance and a recent expansion into banking services with Countrywide Bank. In addition, home loan countrywide is also bringing a brand of financial services and customer satisfaction to the United Kingdom. Home loan countrywide is involved in the development of world-class proprietary financial systems has provided them with a sizable competitive edge and given them a front-runner position in penetrating financial services markets both domestically and internationally.

Community Involvement.

Home loan countrywide was founded on the belief that homeownership should be a goal that's attainable by everyone. National Emerging Markets/House America, established in 1992, is their affordable and fair lending program. The program provides educational outreach to low- and moderate-income and minority communities, access to down payment assistance programs, has House America branches located in historically underserved communities, as well as no-cost telephone counseling for prospective home buyers through home loan Countrywide's House America Counseling Center. Today, they've defined aggressive goals to help more underserved Americans purchase homes.

About The Author

Mike Yeager


Publisher


http://www.a1-loans-4u.com/

Lawsuit Loans

Date: Friday, April 01 @ 02:44:09 HKT
Topic: Legal Matters


Lawsuit Loans

by: Wensley McKenney

Lawsuit Loans which are also known as pre settlement cash advances allow a financially strapped plaintiff to access a portion of their future legal settlement to pay today's necessary living expenses. Personal Injury and worker compensation lawsuits can take years to resolve and large insurance companies have the financial strength to legally delay the process which can financial ruin an injured claimant who is looking for a fair settlement offer.

Companies like Global Financial (http://www.glofin.com) offer cash advances against all types of Personal Injury & Worker Compensation claims. It works like this: Global Financial will review the merits of an applicant̢۪s legal claim and determine the chance & size of a financial recovery. They then offer the claimant a small percentage of the total value of their claim in return for an assignment of a portion of the potential future proceeds in the claim. If there is no financial recovery from the claim then the funding company receives nothing. This makes lawsuit loans very risky and actually a venture capital investment rather than an actual loan as the names suggests.

The fees charge by lawsuit loan companies can vary dramatically but it is usually best to stick with the larger companies, like Global Financial (http://www.glofin.com) because they work on larger volumes and lower pricing. Usually a funding company will charge either a monthly fee or a flat fee depending on the risk associate with the claim.

It is my personal opinion that a claimant should ask themselves one question before applying for a cash advance against their pending claim. Will the advance that I receive pay immediate and necessary living expense? If the answer is yes then you should accept a cash advance and continue with your legal claim. If the answer is no then it might be wise to hold off and wait before applying for a lawsuit loan or cash advance against your pending claim. In addition, a lawsuit loan may be a very important tool when the defendant's insurance carrier decides to make a low ball offer for settlement in the claim. You can then use a lawsuit loan as a financial tool to say no to the low ball offer and have the financial strength to wait for a higher and fairer settlement.

Lawsuit Loans have been trademarked by Global Financial as "Lawsuit Insurance" because they offer insurance like protection to plaintiffs in the event that their claim is unsuccessful. If a plaintiff takes a cash advance against their pending legal claim and their claim is unsuccessful then they get to keep the money that was advanced to them. Thus the cash advance guarantees that their claim will be financially successful either by way of the cash advance or by way of settlement or judgment.

About The Author

Wensley McKenney is a graduate of Tulane University and has 15 years of experience in the financial and legal fields.

Lawsuit Insurance is a trademark of Global Financial Credit, LLC, http://www.glofin.com

wensley@glofin.com

A College Loan Will Finance Your Education!

Date: Friday, April 01 @ 02:44:09 HKT
Topic: Legal Matters


A College Loan Will Finance Your Education!

by: Mike Yeager

A college loan has given people all over the United States a chance to further their education, even if they are not making a lot of money. Education loans can be a big help in paying for college. You'll find these loans offer a low interest rate and a generous repayment period. Of course, student loans must be repaid, usually with interest, although some education loans have provisions for cancellation if the borrower performs a program-related service. If you are looking for a loan, be aware that there are many different types of loans. Try to find the student loan that fits you the best. For example, there is a loan called the Federal Stafford Loan. The Federal Stafford Loan is the most widely used loan in the student education loan program. Federal guidelines limit the maximum interest rate to no more than 8.25% and outline repayment terms of up to 10 years. Remember that if you ever need help or are falling behind on payments, consider a consolidate student loan.

Tips on getting a deferment for your College Loan.

If for some reason you are unable to meet your monthly payments, consider a college loan deferment. A deferment is a suspension of payments for special reasons. Usually, those who borrowed their first Stafford Loans after July 1, 1993, are eligible to defer payments if are enrolled in at least half-time at an eligible school, unemployed, in a graduate fellowship program, in a rehabilitation training program for people with disabilities, or suffering economic hardship. A college education is expensive, but with the right student loan you will be attending class without financial worry in no time!

About The Author

Mike Yeager


Publisher


http://www.a1-loans-4u.com/

Monday, October 15, 2007

Overwhelmed By Student Loan Debt? Consider a Consolidate Student Loan

Date: Friday, April 01 @ 02:44:09 HKT
Topic: Legal Matters


Overwhelmed By Student Loan Debt? Consider a Consolidate Student Loan

by: Mike Yeager

A consolidate student loan is the perfect solution for people who need help managing their debt. If you have several different loan payments but want to make only one payment per month, you should apply for a Federal Consolidation Loan. With loan consolidation, your lender will combine your present loans into one single loan. If you do decide to get a consolidate student loan, you will pay interest on a fixed rate. The rate is determined by the average of your loans, and is averaged up to the nearest .125 percent. If you make direct loan electronic payments, you may get a lower interest rate. As student loan debt is usually not the largest debt a person has, it may make sense to include it in a consolidate student loan.

Tips on repaying your Consolidate Student Loan

Most people use student loan consolidation as a way to manage debts. Most often, a consolidate student loan will save money. Be aware that although a consolidate loan reduces monthly payments, it will likely raise the interest amount. Because of this, it is a good idea to try to pay off as much of your consolidate student loan as soon as possible. Do this by trying to increase your monthly payments. Be aware that there are certain deferment programs available. For example, unemployment or economic hardship may cause the consolidate student loan to be reduced.

About The Author

Mike Yeager


Publisher


http://www.a1-loans-4u.com/

Friday, September 28, 2007

What Qualifies As Wrongful Death Litigation?

In many cases, victims are usually unable to file a lawsuit themselves, especially when that person is already deceased or suffered huge injuries. In a wrongful death case, personal representatives of the estate of a deceased person are allowed to file a lawsuit against those responsible for the victim's death. Liability may often arise for both negligent and intentional acts of the person responsible.

Damages that may be recovered in wrongful death cases typically include medical, hospital, funeral and burial expenses. Compensation for the victim's pain and suffering are also covered, during any period when the victim was conscious from the time of injury and death.

Losses incurred by the spouse, children, or next of kin of the deceased may also be recovered. These include loss of financial support, loss of service, loss of gifts or other valuable gratuities, loss of parental supervision and guidance, and loss of society and companionship.

Distribution of the damages from lawsuits on wrongful deaths may be done among the heirs of the deceased. However, because the allocation of damages is governed by statute, it is oftentimes subjected to court oversight. Courts are covered by laws of interstate succession with regards to the distribution of damages. Nevertheless, they are ordinarily free to approve and award damages to certain family members who may not be legal heirs of the deceased.

Hence, many cases often have family members fighting with each other on who shall have more control over the representative of the estate of the deceased. The family member who gets more control may decide on who the attorney is and will have greater influence over the distribution of any award of damages.

On another note, one interesting case that is being syndicated in every press available is the lawsuit filed by a couple whose frozen embryo was accidentally discarded at a fertility clinic. This is a case where the parents of the deceased filed a lawsuit, and had a judge ruled for the case.

According to the Associated Press, the couple has the right to file a wrongful-death lawsuit in accordance to the Illinois laws. The judge rules on the case in the opinion that "a pre-embryo is a 'human being'… whether or not it is implanted in its mother's womb." The judge further added that the couple is entitled to seek compensation as any parents whose child has been killed.

Based on the state's Wrongful Death Act, lawsuits are allowed to be filed if unborn fetuses are killed in an accident or assault. This is where the judge based his ruling on. In addition, the law states that "the state of gestation or development of a human being" does not preclude taking legal action.

The couple who stored nine embryos at the Center for Human Reproduction in Chicago filed the suit. Their doctor told them that one embryo looked particularly promising. However, six months later, they were informed that the embryos hade been accidentally discarded.

The attorney for the fertility clinic said that an appeal would be filed by the defendants.

Article Source: http://www.articleset.com

DOJ Ruling on Disabled Rights in Cruise Ships

It is interesting to note that many disabled persons, instead of slinking away and being embarrassed by their conditions, are asserting their rights. They already educate themselves with the basics of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990, a law which protects them against discrimination and rules that establishments and such give proper accommodations for them.

Adopted to remove the barriers that prevented the society from benefiting from the participation and contributions of individuals with disabilities, the ADA took effect in July 26, 1990. Its Title I prohibits private employers, state and local governments, employment agencies and labor unions from discriminating against qualified individuals with disabilities – whether in job application, procedures, hiring, firing, advancement, compensation, job training and other terms, conditions and privileges of employment. It also has the qualifications of a person with disability. Four other titles of ADA includes other aspects where the issue of disability is very much considered: public services and public transportation, public accommodations, telecommunications and miscellaneous.

Many states have also adopted and enforce versions of the federal ADA. Now, on the Supreme Court rulings posted by Peggy McGuiness at Opinio Juris, referred to by Walter Olson on March 2, 2005 at the site, http://www.overlawyered.com/archives/cat_disabled_rights.html several important and interesting issues about the ADA were raised.

An argument ensued at the Supreme Court when the Department of Justice (DOJ) sided with a group of disabled cruise passengers who sued Norwegian Cruise Lines (NCL) for failing to provide the kinds of accommodations required on public transportation under the Americans with Disabilities Act. The defendant, NCL argues that they should be exempt from ADA regulation in the same way that they are exempt from federal labor laws because their ships fly under the Bahamian flag. The DOJ and the plaintiffs argue that the ADA can be applied to foreign flagged vessels operating in US waters precisely because they come in and out of US jurisdiction and operate as a public accommodation.

Now, this is really quite an ruling since it essentially goes beyond the international law, which maintain that ships are generally only subject to the jurisdiction of the state under whose flag they sail. Infact, cruiselines choose to register under foreign flags precisely to avoid certain regulatory restrictions and costs (i.e., taxation, labor and employment laws).

The DOJ ruling favoring the disabled has become a broad application of the ADA to foreign-flagged vessels. This might even be conceivably applied not only to cruise ships, but also to every merchant marine vessel that ever enters US waters. But cruiselines are not interested in complying with the nation’s stringent ADA since compliance in those circumstances would be extraordinarily expensive and a burden on trade.

I think there’s nothing wrong with the ruling, though. It’s just that, public services, transportation and all other busness establishments must not just think about the expenses that go with compliance on several laws. They must simply learn to respect the rights of disabled citizens.

Article Source: http://www.articleset.com

Rulings on ADA Filing Rights

One of the major issues on a democratic country is the discrimination of a person on the basis of disability. A "disability" is a permanent physical or mental impairment (like sight, hearing, speech, walking, breathing, motor skills, but not temporary sprains, breaks, or diseases) that substantially limits any major life activities, including learning, recreation and working. Under the Americans with Disabilities (ADA) of 1990, more than 43 million Americans qualify as “disabled”, as noted by the Forbes Magazine.

The ADA was adopted to remove the barriers that have prevented society from benefiting from the participation and contributions of individuals with disabilities. Many states have also adopted and enforce versions of the federal ADA. The ADA replaced a collection of “barrier-free site design” initiatives making disables access to employment, goods and/or services on an equal basis with the rest of the general public, a civil right.

Now, regarding to Walter Olson’s post at http://www.overlawyered.com/archives/cat_disabled_rights.html on March 4, 2005, he had noted a series of scenarios and news bulletin which may cause a disabled golfer to file a complaint with regards to non-compliance with ADA rulings – in relation with accommodating disabled persons in the golf clubs/areas. Olson may have been concerned or bothered at the following concerns:

• Says Robert Trent Jones Golf Trail in Tuscaloosa won't provide free golf carts.

• The National Golf Course Owners Association maintains a page on ADA issues and compliance.

• At Cybergolf, Jeffrey D. Brauer ("Must golf courses accommodate wheelchair golfers?" undated) discusses the impact of wheelchair-access regulation on golf course design: "The golf industry at first feared that ADA might outlaw contoured greens and fairways, and possibly sand bunkers, to achieve disabled access.

Well all I can say is that, didn’t they know that golf courses, including most private clubs, must provide a wide variety of disabled individuals with “reasonable accommodation”? And reasonable accommodation is defined as one that does not present an undue burden or alter the fundamental nature of the activity.

Through complaints and litigation, golf facilities must:

• Allow wheelchair access anywhere carts are permitted, with similar limitations regarding specific weather conditions

• Erect rope barriers that don't eliminate access, but mildly inconveniencing disabled golfers is permissible.

• Provide access to all courses, not just one, at multiple-course facilities

• Make all new and renovation work ADA-compliant, but there is no reconstruction required solely to satisfy ADA.

• Make parking lots, practice facilities and buildings accessible. This has affected parking lots, walkways and two-story clubhouses, which often require an elevator to accommodate any job needing access to both floors.

Now if you will be setting up a golf club that took you a lot of worth and money, you must consider all options in setting it up. Would you risk investing more to accommodate even disabled persons or risk your reputation because of your non-compliance with ADA rulings and having wheelchair-bound golfers sue you for discrimination. Think that over, folks.

Article Source: http://www.articleset.com

The various types of powers of attorney

There are "Nondurable", "Durable" and "Springing" Power of Attorney. A "Nondurable" Power of Attorney takes effect immediately. It remains in effect until it is revoked by the Principal, or until the Principal becomes mentally incompetent or dies.

A "Nondurable" Power of Attorney is often used for a specific transaction, like the closing on the sale of residence, or the handling of the Principal's financial affairs while the Principal is traveling outside of the country.

A "Durable" Power of Attorney enables the Agent to act for the Principal even after the Principal is not mentally competent or physically able to make decisions. The "Durable" Power of Attorney may be used immediately, and is effective until it is revoked by the Principal, or until the Principal's death.

A "Springing" Power of Attorney becomes effective at a future time. That is, it "springs up" upon the happenings of a specific event chosen by the Power of Attorney. Often that event is the illness or disability of the Principal.

The "Springing" Power of Attorney will frequently provide that the Principal's physician will determine whether the Principal is competent to handle his or her financial affairs. A "Springing" Power of Attorney remains in effect until the Principal's death, or until revoked by a court.

How to Secure your relationship by Power of Attorney

A power of attorney is a document that allows you to dictate who you would like to make decisions on your behalf. While there are many useful purposes for a power of attorney, they are especially important to lesbian and gay couples when a partner becomes incapacitated and unable to make decisions. In such situations, the law usually designates the incapacitated person's next of kin as the decision maker. With a power of attorney, lesbian and gay couples can give their partners the power to make such decisions.

Powers of attorney can be as general or specific as you decide. You can give your partner the power to make decisions on your behalf at any time or only when you become incapacitated. You can also dictate what types of decisions you are authorizing your agent to make. A health care power of attorney (also referred to as a durable power of attorney for health care, medical power of attorney, health care proxy and appointment of health care agent of surrogate) would authorize your partner (or other agent) to make decisions about your medical treatment and dictate who you would like to be able to visit you while receiving medical treatment.

By executing a power of attorney for finances (also referred to as a durable power of attorney for finances) you could dictate who you want to make decisions about your legal and financial matters. You can be very specific about what actions you are authorizing your partner (or other agent) to make, including which accounts he or she has access to and the types of decisions he or she can make.

Durable Power of Attorney

University of Iowa Health Science Relations
Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed

Many people have heard of a Living Will, a document that explains to your family, friends, doctor, and the courts what you do and do not want done to prolong your life. Fewer people have heard of the Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care.

"Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care lets you choose a person, or persons, who can legally make health care decisions for you if you become unable to make those decisions and speak for yourself," says Gretchen Schmuch, a family practice social worker in the University of Iowa College of Medicine. "One of the most difficult things about choosing your legal decision-maker is discussing end-of-life matters," Schmuch says.

Questions you should ask yourself include:

1. Whom do I want to make decisions about my health care?

2. Is quality of life more important than quantity of life?

3. How important is physical and/or mental functioning in decisions to accept, refuse, or limit medical treatment?

4. What are my spiritual beliefs and how do they fit with my choices?

5. Are food and water basic human rights, regardless of delivery (tube, mouth, or vein)?

A majority of Americans say they want to participate in their health care decision-making until they die, but approximately15 percent have completed a Durable Power of Attorney. If asked, most people have a general idea of what they want, Schmuch says. It is important for people to discuss their values, health care beliefs, and wishes with their families and their doctors.

"But doctors often wait for the patient to bring the subject up, and patients wait for the doctor. So we have a lack of communication, with no decisions being made until a crisis arises," Schmuch says. During a crisis, such as when an elderly parent dies but is revived or a spouse has a heart attack and is in a coma, a decision as crucial as what treatment the patient would want makes a difficult situation more painful.

If a patient does not have a Durable Power of Attorney, decisions must still be made. "In Iowa if no one has been designated, the decision-making authority passes--in order--to guardian, spouse, majority of adult children, parents, and sibling. In a few cases the matter would be decided by a hospital board or the courts.

"It's so important to talk with each other to determine what should be done," Schmuch says. "Living wills are valuable tools, but no document can provide answers in all situations. Selecting someone who understands and can advocate for your health care directives and giving him/her over the authority to make decisions for you will put you at ease now," says Schmuch. "And your family and friends will not have to worry about who will make the decision in the future."

If you have questions about Durable Power of Attorney and Living Wills, talk to your doctor.

Friday, August 10, 2007

Dui Help: Refuse Dui Pre-screening Tests

In most states, if you are suspected of drunk driving, you must take a blood alcohol content test such as a breathalyzer when asked to do so by police or face very harsh penalties. But police must have reasonable suspicion that you have been drinking before they can ask you to take a BAC test.

To establish reasonable suspicion police use a range of questions and DUI pre-screening or field sobriety tests. You are not required to answer the questions or to participate in any of the tests. If you do go along with these tests you are only giving the officer the reasonable suspicion he or she needs to require you to take a BAC test.

Refuse to Have a Nice Chat and Avoid a DUI Test
One of the simplest ways for police to get the reasonable suspicion they need to administer a BAC test is to just ask you if you have had anything to drink. Do not admit to having had even one drink. If you do, that’s reasonable suspicion.

The officer may also ask you where you have been and what you’ve been doing. This may seem very innocent but if you admit to having been out with friends or attending a sports event or being anywhere where alcohol is commonly served you have given the officer reasonable suspicion. You are not required to answer these questions or to have a friendly chat with police.

Refuse the DUI Field Sobriety Tests
If you are stopped by police the officer may ask you to take a field sobriety test such as the one-leg-stand, finger-to-nose or the nystagmus test which involves the officer shining a flash light in your eyes and looking for erratic eye motion.

These tests have just one purpose, to give the officer the reasonable suspicion he or she needs to require you to take a BAC test. You have almost no chance of passing these tests. Some of them, like the one-leg-stand, could be difficult for a trained athlete to perform perfectly and your pass or fail grade rests not with a panel of judges but entirely with the police officer. You are not required to perform these tests and you should politely refuse to do so without getting drawn into a conversation with the officer. Don’t make excuses for not taking the test, just refuse.

The most important point to remember is that if you are charged with a DUI offence and the case ends up in court the officer must be able to justify requiring you to take the BAC test. Don’t give the police extra ammunition by talking too much or taking a field sobriety test that is all but impossible to pass.

About the Author: A DUI charge is serious and should be handled by a qualified DUI attorney. Get detailed information on specialized drunk driving lawyers in your area. http://dui-lawyer-la.com/

Traditional Lawyers Bypassed For Online Legal Services

Consumers looking for legal help for common legal matters can find legal documents online to help resolve legal issues without hiring a traditional attorney.

Online legal service sites saw an increase in the number of Americans wanting to create a will or living-will after the controversial Terri Schiavo case, which brought to the forefront the importance of having a binding legal document that, will express your wishes in the event you were unable to speak for yourself. In fact, nearly 70% of Americans don't have a will.

Legal document services online can provide immediate solutions to many common legal matters for a fraction of the cost many Americans would otherwise spend hundreds if not thousands of dollars using a traditional attorney.

Many legal document services have online forms that contain advanced provisions that are not found in do-it yourself kits or manuals. Legal documents online are written by professional attorneys with years of experience from a variety of different legal professions and backgrounds.

The process can be as simple as answering a few questions online, having a professional review your legal form for accuracy and signing off on the final version. In addition, depending on the type of document you need you can have your legal forms prepared within 48hrs.

There are a number of legal document forms that range from Incorporations, forming an LLC, Last Will & Testament, Online Divorce, Prenuptial Agreements, Copyrights and Immigration Services.

As more American consumers turn to the internet to find products and services online, finding professional legal help is now easier then ever, especially when you can create and complete your legal documents from the comfort of your own home or office.

Having the proper legal documents to protect yourself or your family is now more important then ever before. Whether you are looking to get copyright protection, file a small claims form, or start a living will, online legal services can help. The best part is you don't need to worry about expensive legal fees from a lawyer.

The best way to find help for your common legal matters is to do an online search in any search engine using keywords that describe your legal matter. You are certain to find a cheaper solution to your legal matter online.

The benefits of using online legal services are not jut saving you a lot of money but also the time you can save in having your legal documents prepared by legal professionals.




About the Author:

Kennard McGill is an online web publisher and writes articles on a number of topics. To learn more about Legal Services Online for common legal matters visit http://www.legaldocumentfinder.com.

Automobile Lemon Laws: A Means To Protect Consumer Rights

You have probably heard of automobile lemon laws before, but do you really understand the implications of these laws? As a consumer, you should, because the automobile lemon laws will serve you in situations where you end up unintentionally purchasing a lemon.

Now you might even be more confused. The lemon in question is not that citrus fruit sitting on your kitchen counter. In consumer parlance, a lemon is something that is defective or does not meet the standards, particularly a vehicle that does not run properly, has irreparable damages, or fails to conform to safety measures. Automobile lemon laws refer to legislation that protects consumers who fall victim to such defective purchases.

All states have automobile lemon laws, and the specifications of the laws may vary from state to state. However, the main idea of the automobile lemon laws is the same. Automobile lemon laws give the consumer the right to demand for repairs, a suitable replacement, or a total refund.

If you buy an imperfect motor vehicle, automobile lemon laws will require the manufacturer to provide all necessary repairs to fix the vehicle. The automobile lemon laws allow the manufacturer a certain amount of time, or maybe a predefined number of attempts to repair the car. If the vehicle is still not in order after this allowance, then the manufacturer has to replace the car, under automobile lemon laws.

As the owner of the car, you may also use the automobile lemon laws to opt for a complete refund of the defective motor vehicle. Such refunds will include not only the retail cost of the vehicle which you have paid to the manufacturer, but the taxes and fees as well. Automobile lemon laws also grant you reimbursement for expenses on rental cars which you may have used when your defective car was under repair, as well as the actual cost of the repairs themselves.

When filing charges under the automobile lemon law, you must take into consideration the period of time wherein you are allowed to file suit. This window varies from state to state, but most automobile lemon laws give you about 2 to 3 years. You must also make sure that your vehicle is still covered by the original manufacturer's warranty. For more info see http://www.knowlemonlaw.com/Articles/Pet_Lemon_Laws.php on Pet Lemon Laws

Filing a lawsuit under the automobile lemon laws is quite simple and you can probably do it yourself, but it is also a good idea to hire a lawyer specializing in automobile lemon law proceedings.

What you have to do is contact the manufacturer of the vehicle and notify them of your complaints. Take note that the automobile lemon laws will only work for you if you go straight to the manufacturer and not the dealer. Make sure that you have all your paperwork in order as these will be required in the court proceedings.

Once the manufacturer is faced with a lawsuit regarding automobile lemon laws, they will usually be accommodating and eager to repair your vehicle, or even provide a replacement. In rare cases where the manufacturer refuses to cooperate, the case will go to court and the services of an automobile lemon law attorney are necessary.

About the Author: You can also find more info on New York State Lemon Laws and Pennsylvania Lemon Law.

LLC vs Corporation: Which Is Best?

Taking the step beyond having a sole proprietorship is a good idea for nearly any business. After all, as the owner of a sole proprietorship, you and your business are considered to be one and the same. This means you are personally liable for your business. Therefore, forming an LLC or a corporation is usually a smart move.

For many small business owners, forming an LLC is the best option. This is because forming an LLC is simpler than forming a corporation. In addition, an LLC offers more flexibility than a corporation. In addition, LLC members do not have to deal with double taxation, which occurs with a corporation. This is because the tax liabilities of the business are passed on to its members and the LLC does not pay taxes on income.

For some business, a corporation is a better option. If the business will have multiple investors or intends to raise money from the public, a corporation may be the better choice. An LLC is good when there are only a few investors, particularly when they are actively involved in the daily operation of the business, but it can become more difficult to maintain an LLC when many investors are involved with the business. For a business looking to avoid overcoming resistance from its investors, a corporation is a better choice than an LLC.

Businesses that wish to offer extensive fringe benefits to its owners should also consider forming a corporation. Similarly, if the business wishes to draw in new employees by offering stock options, a corporation formation will be necessary because LLCs do not have stock. As an LLC, employees can be offered a membership interest, but this process is awkward and not the same as providing employees with stocks. Therefore, when planning to offer partial ownership in the business as an incentive, the corporation formation makes more sense.

About the Author:

You should consult with a professional lawyer to make your decision regarding incorporation or any other business decision.

Thursday, August 9, 2007

Joint Departments of State and Homeland Security Announcement

U.S. Citizens With Pending Passport Applications Allowed Temporary Travel Flexibility Within Western Hemisphere

The U.S. Departments of State and Homeland Security announced today that U.S. citizens traveling to Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean, and Bermuda who have applied for but not yet received passports can nevertheless temporarily enter and depart from the United States by air with a government issued photo identification and Department of State official proof of application for a passport through September 30, 2007. The federal government is making this accommodation for air travel due to longer than expected processing times for passport applications in the face of record-breaking demand.

The Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI) was mandated by Congress in the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 to strengthen border security and facilitate entry into the United States for citizens and legitimate international visitors. WHTI requirements for air travel took effect on January 23, 2007.

Adults who have applied for but not yet received a passport should present government-issued photo identification and an official proof of application from the U.S. Department of State. Children under the age of 16 traveling with their parents or legal guardian will be permitted to travel with the child's proof of application. Travelers who have not applied for a passport should not expect to be accommodated. U.S. citizens with pending passport applications can obtain proof of application at: http://travel.state.gov.

- Read more here - Released on June 8, 2007

Contesting a Will or a Trust. Can it Be Done?

Contesting a Will or a Trust. Can it Be Done?By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Phil_Craig]Phil Craig

First, we must ask, what is contesting a will or a trust? Basically, contesting a will or a trust means that you are challenging the validity of the will or trust document.

It is similar to the flag that is thrown in a pro football game after a call by the referee.

In this case, the will or trust is assumed valid by the probate court judge. You are throwing out the flag and contesting the validity of the document in question.

Contesting a will or trust usually rests on one or two of the following factors: undue influence in executing the will or trust, or that the person executing the will or trust lacked mental capacity to execute the will or trust at the time it was executed.

What is undue influence in executing a will or trust?

Here is the definition of undue influence:
Undue Influence - Influence of another that destroys the freedom of a testator or donor and creates a ground for nullifying a will or invalidating a future gift. The exercise of undue influence is suggested by excessive insistence, superiority of will or mind, the relationship of the parties or pressure on the donor or testator by any other means to do what he is unable, practically, to refuse.

So, if you can prove that the person who executed the will or trust was acting with undue influence, that is, was acting under pressure that was unable to refuse, you may have a basis to claim undue influence. This would give you one reason to contest a will or trust.

The other method to contest a will or trust is that there was a lack of testamentary capacity.
Testamentary capacity is the legal ability to make a will. In California, for example, Probate Code Section 812 says, in part, that a person lacks the capacity to make a decision unless the person has the ability to commnicate verbally, or by any other means, the decision, and to understand and appreciate, to the extent relevant, all of the following:
(a) The rights, duties, and responsibilities created by, oraffected by the decision.
(b) The probable consequences for the decision maker and, whereappropriate, the persons affected by the decision.
(c) The significant risks, benefits, and reasonable alternativesinvolved in the decision.

So, here, to contest a will or trust due to lack or testamentary capacity, you would have to show all three elements.

This is a tough case but is not impossible. In my early legal career, I was able to obtain a $1,000,000 plus settlement for a client using the above elements.

You can find more information about wills or trusts: [http://www.livingtrustsecrets.com/sitemap.html]Click Here.

Good luck and until next time,

Phil Craig

Phil Craig is a licensed attorney and entrepreneur.He started practicing law at age 25 in 1979. He does not take on any more clients, but isadvisor to some of the biggest names in the internetworld. He shares his knowledge gained over thelast 25 years at his Living Trust Secrets newsletter site:click here: http://www.LivingTrustSecrets.com

** Attn Ezine editors / Site owners **Feel free to reprint this article in its entiretyin your ezine or on your site so long as you leaveall links in place, do not modify the content andinclude our resource box as listed above.

If you do use the material please send us a noteso we can take a look. Thanks.
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Phil_Craig http://EzineArticles.com/?Contesting-a-Will-or-a-Trust.-Can-it-Be-Done?&id=15970

Free Criminal Records

Sometimes, access to criminal records for the private citizens and firms is free of charge. The person or company that wants to have the criminal record check need not spend any amount of money for having the record checked. Some courts, state, county, or federal, will not prescribe any charges for providing public accessibility of criminal records for different purposes. Some websites provide access to criminal records free of cost.

Private citizens may want to have criminal record check for monitoring the judicial system in their country. If the accessibility of records is free, they are available for a common man who otherwise cannot bear the prescribed fee. Similarly, firms may have the check before employing any new employees into different positions, particularly for high-profile jobs.

Recently, local governments have begun to open criminal records to the public through user-friendly online applications. Some state and local records websites include defendant identifiers, while other free sites do not. In some circumstances, the registrar of the court may waive the prescribed fee in the public interest in case of some criminal records check.

Sites that include free accessibility of criminal records include: www.freerepublic.com, www.virtualchase.com, www.efindoutthetruth.com, www.searchsystems.net etc. Of these Searchsystems.net is the largest and best directory of free criminal record databases online. Virtualchase.com is the guide to US criminal records. Moreover there is an efficient search engine developed by US-based Pretreive LLC. This search engine provides free and faster accessibility of criminal records. US based criminal databases are also available on the popular website called www.journalismnet.com.

Criminal Records provides detailed information about criminal records, criminal records online, and more. Criminal Records is affiliated with Bail Bond Agents.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Jennifer_Bailey
http://EzineArticles.com/?Free-Criminal-Records&id=123621

So You Want A Legal Name Change? A 'What You Need To Know' Guide.

Changing your legal name is pretty easy. Think about it – it has to be. Tens of thousandof women get married every year, I would imagine, and probably at least a majority of them go through a legal name change after they get married.

So, if you want to, you probably do not need to go through some internet service, ordering forms for money that you do not need to pay, when you could have just gone over to some government office yourself to file your own legal name change. Think about it, and do not be stupid. There are people willing to sell you anything, even when it is something that is already free.

That being said, I am pretty sure that you have to fork out a bit of cash for a legal name change. I have a friend Eddie, we used to call him who just hated his name. After years of hearing his mother saying things like ‘Edward come here this instant’ and ‘Edward, your dinner is getting cold,’ he could not take it any more.

There is something about having a name like ‘Edward’ that makes irritating sound that much worse, he used to say to me, and I guess I just took his word for it. So, as soon as he got to be 18 years old, he went straight down to whatever government office you have to go down to, and filed a legal name change. Now he is Jorge Jones, and has never been happier, as far as I can tell. So a legal name change really can make a difference in your life.

Of course, one reason why you might want to change your legal name is to erase your past. I guess that this can be helpful, but with the government ever more watchful and suspicious, it might not actually be a good idea. A legal name change might just put you on their map and subject you to increased study.

This is exactly the opposite of what you probably want to happen, so there is no point at all to it. Really, for most of us, a legal name change is not all that necessary. Your legal name might be what you sign to firms, and documents, but it does not have to be what you go by, or what your friends call you. Unless you are getting married, I suggest forgetting the legal name change all together.




About the Author:

Peter G. King provides readers with up-to-date commentaries, articles, and reviews for legal matters, law as well as other related information.

Read more articles by: Peter G. King

Article Source: www.iSnare.com

Saturday, August 4, 2007

Should You Create A Power Of Attorney?

You as an individual and principal must in creating a power of attorney give someone else the power to make decisions on your behalf. They will be the attorney-in-fact or agent, which is the person who will be sure to carry out your wishes. A power of attorney specifically outlines the powers that you allow an attorney-in-fact to have. They can be very limited or extensive such as giving the power to your attorney-in-fact to do specific tasks. This is called a limited power of attorney. The powers can be broad and enable your attorney-in-fact to have the ability to sell your property, Take loans in your name, and handle lawsuits or whatever you wish.

There are some few exceptions as the right to get married or vote. As an individual and principal you can grant unlimited power known as a general power of attorney.

The attorney-in-fact generally can only carry out an action if the individual and principal can exercise the same power. This stops the attorney-in-fact from acting when the principal is incapacitated. If an individual is unable to sign a contract the attorney-in-fact is also unable to sign a contract for the principal. But if you have a Durable Power of Attorney the attorney-in-fact is allowed to execute the powers granted by the principal even after the principal becomes ill.

At the Time of Death A Power of Attorney Ends

Whether you have a Durable Power of Attorney or you do not, at the time of death all power of attorney ends. If the individual and principal has granted attorney-in-fact rights to perform certain tasks, upon death all those rights are terminated.

How A Power of Attorney is Revoked

As long as you are alive you have the power to revoke the power of attorney. To revoke the power of attorney you must contact your attorney-in-fact that the power of attorney has been revoked. You can also detail at what date the power of attorney will expire.

A Springing Power of Attorney

A power of attorney can be designed to spring into effect if you become disabled or at some predetermined time or event. This is a springing power of attorney. The springing power of attorney prevents your attorney-in-fact from using the powers while you are able to take care of them yourself.

The attorney-in-fact must prove that the individual where your powers are concerned is in fact disabled and can not perform the tasks needed. You will need a written document from the physician or hospital that you are incapacitated.

It should be a current document and not several days old or it could be questioned as to whether you are still ill or disabled. So to save yourself, added turmoil, and be required to furnish a more current document take care of it the same day.

Instant Power of Attorney

Your powers of attorney can become effective immediately, as soon as it is signed, This is the type of power of attorney people use when they will be in another country for a long period of time and will not be available to handle such matters. It is generally a durable power of attorney that will expire in one year. You can also have provisions built into the powers of attorney will you can extent it. If you become incompetent or ill when the power of attorney expires, and you’re attorney-in-fact or agent, will need to go before the court to get approval to continue.

Medical Decisions

When you have a durable power of attorney it can be used to allow your attorney-in-fact the power to make medical decisions in case you become incapacitated. Most individuals have separate power of attorneys for medical and financial affairs. Sometimes the same person handles both powers of attorneys.

How to Choose your Attorney-In-Fact

Since this is one of the most important documents of your life it goes without saying it should be the most trusted of people with impeccably credentials who understand your wishes And how to handle your business. One other thing to bear in mind is when you give someone this power they have the ability to do as they wish, and may not follow your instructions. That’s why you must be very careful. When it comes to money sometimes people do things for their own interest. Your attorney-in-fact is a fiduciary. Which means that they are there to manage your assets to help you, and not themselves. The person you choose will be called under difficult circumstances. So generally it will be a family member or a close friend and sometimes an attorney you trust and respect. If you do not have a power of attorney in place it will fall to the laws of the state.




About the Author:

Jeffrey Broobin is a free-lance writer on family and finance issues; his main goal is to help people during their complicated period of life. Website: http://www.legalhelpmate.com Email: jeffreyb@legalhelpmate.com

Power Of Attorney And Planning Ahead Can Help

At present, many people have not planned for their potential incompetence. There are number of legal devices that are readily available to assist people in expressing their wishes in advance. Two of these devices include a Durable Power of Attorney for Financial Decisions (General Durable Power of Attorney), and Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care Decisions. A senior citizen may become permanently disabled due to a stroke, or a young adult might be rendered temporarily unconscious as a result of an automobile accident. In both of these scenarios, the trauma thrust upon everyone involved can be overwhelming, especially when interested parties disagree about how to handle the crisis. As with most things in life, planning ahead can help.

The two devices, Durable Power of Attorney for Financial Decisions and Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care Decisions, will be discussed separately.

A durable power of attorney, is a form of agency. The person who gives the power is the principal, and the person who receives the power is the "attorney-in-fact" or agent. "Durable" in this context means that the agent's power will survive the principal's incapacity or disability. As a resultDurable Power of Attorney's, can be used as an alternative to guardianship in some states under certain circumstances, provided the principal executed the document before losing capacity.

As a general rule, a General power of attorney is also referred to as a Durable Power of Attorney for Financial Decisions, or simply a Durable Power of Attorney. A Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care Decisions is also a Durable Power of Attorney, but its authority is limited to health care decisions. In Kansas, both powers can be contained in the same document. Because these two documents convey such divergent authority to one person, many seniors choose a different person for each of these powers. The agent's authority to act for the principal under a Durable Power of Attorney is based on the powers that the principal gives to her. Whether broad, general powers or limited, specific powers are given to the agent is completely determined by the principal. Among other things, the principal may delegate to the agent in the Durable Power of Attorney the authority to make deposits and withdrawals from his checking account, to file his tax returns, and to sell his home. There are a few powers, however, that the principal may not delegate. For example, the agent cannot prepare a will, vote, or seek a divorce on the principal's behalf. In Kansas, the principal may grant a gifting" power to her agent, but this power generally must be stated with specificity within in "the Durable Power of Attorney.

Two primary methods exist to determine the effective date of an agent's power under a Durable Power of Attorney. First, a Durable Power of Attorney may confer power to an agent at the time the documents are executed and delivered. A second method reserves the agent's power until the principal has become incapacitated or disabled. Upon the occurrence of either of these events, the power springs into effect. This type of Durable Power of Attorney is labeled "springing." Kansas law provides for both types in the Uniform Durable Power of Attorney Act. Senior citizens' needs vary; therefore, no solution is best for all people. Many considerations will need to be evaluated in order to determine how the senior's needs are best meet.

A durable power of attorney is revocable by the principal while he still has capacity. If the agent has a financial interest in the subject matter of the power of attorney, the power is generally irrevocable. Most senior citizens who execute Durable Power of Attorney's are getting assistance with their day to day personal affairs and their agents do not have an ownership interest in the senior's property which would preclude revocation. In addition, revocation can be by implication, in addition to, destruction of the document or express revocation by the principal.

Other modes of termination include: death of the principal or agent, occurrence of a specific event, qualification of a guardian, or the passage of a date of expiration. Generally, after the death of the principal, the agent of a Durable Power of Attorney may bind the principal using a Durable Power of Attorney only if she does not know of the occurrence of this event.

The agent binds the principal in accordance with the laws of agency. As a result, the principal is personally liable for contracts made by the agent on the principal's behalf. The agent should follow the direction of the principal while the principal remains competent. The agent has a duty to act solely for the benefit of the principal, and if she does not, she is subjected to liability for her breach. Although this general principal is true, often the agent may not have any assets for which she may be held accountable. As a result, senior citizens are often advised to select a trustworthy person to be their agent. If the principal's competency is in question, the agent may need to seek determination of a court prior to acting against the wishes of the principal, or she may be liable to the principal for breach of her fiduciary duty.

Kansas law does provide for the recording of any instrument which affects real estate. Recording, however, is not currently required by Kansas law. If the original Durable Power of Attorney was recorded, however, any subsequent revocation should be recorded. Some states do required recording of a Durable Power of Attorney that will affect real estate.

The Kansas statutes provide for a Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care Decisions. The same basic concepts explained above for Durable Power of Attorney apply to the Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care Decisions with regard to agency law, effectiveness, revocation, and termination.

The key difference between the Durable Power of Attorney and the Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care Decisions is the authority granted. The Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care Decisions specifically grants authority to the agent to make decisions about and relating to medical treatment. For example, the agent make consent to treatment, refuse to consent to treatment, or withdraw consent to treatment. In addition to these decisions directly about medical treatment, the agent may make all arrangements at any hospital or nursing care facility, employ or discharge care personnel, request, receive, and review any information about the personal affairs or physical or mental health of the principal.

As a contingency, it is recommended that the principal select a successor to his agent. The successor attorney-in-fact may be designated in the same document as the primary attorney-in-fact. If this does occur, the Durable Power of Attorney will continue, beyond the life of the primary attorney-in-fact, provided the successor is living and competent.

A complete discussion of statutory formalities, drafting, and various tax liability is beyond the scope of this summary. It should be noted however, that most states restrict who may be a witness to a Durable Power of Attorney or Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care Decisions, and some restrict who may be an Health care agent.

This overview of the law is for referenceand education only, and is no replacement for competent legal counsel.




About the Author:

Jeffrey Broobin is a free-lance writer on family and finance issues; his main goal is to help people during their complicated period of life. Website: http://www.legalhelpmate.com Email: jeffreyb@legalhelper.ws

Durable Power Of Attorney

No matter how badly we might want to, we can't foresee the future.

Everyday people are diagnosed with unexpected illnesses, or are badly hurt in an accident. Most of the time we maintain enough control over are senses that we are able to make and understand all of our medical treatments but is some instances we simply don't have the mental competency to do that.

There are some steps you can take to maintain control of your situation.

Some people like to draft a living will. A living will is a document that clearly states what treatments, drugs, and precaution you will accept. Many people include a note about situations when they do not want to be resuscitated. It is important to remember that they living wills are only good if people know where to find them. A living will that has been shoved into the back of a closet somewhere will not do you any good if you are in a coma in a hospital room.

Other people assign a person with something called durable power of attorney. The person who receives durable power of attorney is the person who will be making all medical decisions if you loose competency. This person is called the patient advocate. If you do not loose your competency doctors will not have to consult this person.

Before someone has durable power of attorney, you (in legal terms you are called the principal) must file a document that states you trust somebody (they are called either the agent, patient advocate, or the attorney-of-fact) enough to let them make medical decisions on your behalf. The agent can be any competent adult over the age of eighteen. Most people choose a family member, spouse, life partner, or friend to act as their agent. Some people even ask a bank or their family lawyer to act as their agent, although this is more common in financial matters then medical. The agent must be someone you can trust with your life, literally.

Whomever you appoint as you patient advocate you need to make sure that they know and understand your beliefs about your medical treatment, discuss every medical eventuality. Make sure that your patient advocate is comfortable with your asking that their morals won't interfere with your medical wishes. Once you have decided to give somebody durable power of attorney make sure their full name, current address, and current telephone number are included in you medical files.

It is important to make sure that the word durable is listed on the contract you sign. If the word is not on the document the document is only valid while you are alive and in full control of your mind. If the document only says power of attorney the paper becomes invalid when you are declared incompetent. Non-durable power of attorney is generally used for financial matters.

It doesn’t hurt to have a second person waiting to take over durable power of attorney if your first choice can not be reached.

Durable power of attorney is recognized in all fifty states.




About the Author:

http://www.somelivngwill.com , http://www.the-camera-shop.com and http://www.pro-street-racing-parts.com are websites that Jeff Moore writes articles for.

Power Of Attorney Power Packs In A Paper

The Power of Attorney is a legal document voluntarily entered into by two parties and duly certified by a notary public, usually a lawyer. The first and second party in the Power of Attorney are: the Principal and the Agent,respectively. In the power of attorney, the principal appoints the agent to perform a task in a legal capacity in his lieu.

The power of attorney empowers the agent to act upon any legal circumstance necessary of the principal, mostly if the latter cannot conduct with others, his legal affairs in person. This scenario happens in most cases, when the principal is gone from his domicile or away on a business trip for a lengthy period; or worse, if the principal is ill.

The power of attorney likens the agent as that of an employee as well as representative of the principal. Another popular term for the authorized agent in a power of attorney is Attorney-in-Fact.

The principal and agent who execute an agreement such as the power of attorney could either be an individual, partnership, or corporation. Both parties who execute the power of attorney should of course, possess legal capacity which means that parties must be 18 years of age or older and of normal mental capability.

When the principal authorize the agent in the power of attorney, the agent does act within the scope of the legal agreement. Therefore, the principal is also responsible for the acts that the agent entered into, in his behalf. In the exercise of the power of attorney, the agent is entitled to payment for services rendered and reimbursement for some of his expenses.

A most common use for the power of attorney is when the principal enters into a transaction such as the purchase of a real estate property. The agent, by virtue of the power of attorney, deals with the company, or owner of the property until the sale is consummated. Thus, the agent pays for and signs all the legal documents necessary (such as purchase application form, contract to sell, deed of restriction, etc.) for the business venture between the principal who is the buyer, and the property owner who is the seller.

Normally, the power of attorney is revocable or can be cancelled at any time. As such, the principal has only to accomplish the revocation of the power of attorney and again, have the cancellation duly certified by a notary public. The power of attorney also becomes null and void upon the death of the principal.

The role of the notary public in the power of attorney is vital and akin to a third force. The power of attorney becomes a legal instrument only if the notary public or solicitor, has certified the power of attorney to be so. The notary public then has to furnish copies of the notarized power of attorney to the concerned government agency that requires it. Thereafter, the power of attorney becomes a legal public document.




About the Author:

Michael Colucci is a technical writer for http://www.legal-forms-online.net - A site that offers a large selection of legal forms that can be downloaded.

Sunday, April 29, 2007

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Friday, April 20, 2007

What to Do if You Get a DUI in Another State - Read This Drunken Driving Article

Whether you have a DUI in Another State or Your State, it’s important to know that a DUI can stay on your record for up to 10 years. Therefore, don’t dwell on your situation, but focus on getting all of the information that you can in order to help yourself . Your first and foremost Goal is going to be to either expunge (completely remove) your DUI/DWI or Greatly Minimize the Damage to your personal life.

Know this, right after your Drunk Driving Arrest, your drivers license is still valid. Even though you may have been given a temporary or paper license, your DMV record will not have the charge recorded, yet.

Put two and two together. You have a small period of time to get a “clean” Legal License before the damage is done.

If you haven’t been convicted, Consider This Premier Defense Strategy Used by Many High Powered Attorney’s called the “RISING BAC THEORY”.
According to The Information Association, LLC;
The Rising BAC theory (also known as the subtractive retrograde theory) is a very effective defense strategy in some states and less effective in others. It depends o the judge and wheter or not the court recognizes the theory but scientific evidence proves that this is completely accurate beyond a shadow of a doubt.

The idea behind it is due to the passage of time between alcohol consumption (when you last drank) and when it actually shows up in your blood stream. You see, it is only a crime to drive with a BAC of 0.08 or over, NOT to CONSUME enough alcohol to have a BAC of 0.08 or greater.
So, if a person consumes enough of an alcoholic beverage to put them over the legal limit immediately before driving, then they et into a car and drive 10 minutes down the road to their home and go to bed…the alcohol never had time to enter their blood stream to raise their BAC over the legal imit while they were driving.

So even though they consumed excessive amounts of alcohol, the did not drive with a BAC of over 0.08 (which is the legal limit).

They were home before the alcohol had a chance to “seep” into their blood. In essence, no crime was ever committed because the way the law reads, YOU MUT ACTUALLY BE DRIVING WITH A BAC over the legal limit. (0.08)
And it takes time for that to happen….like a couple of hours. So…
The problem comes I with the police officer who pulls you over for suspicion of drunk driving. He keeps you at the scene for an hour or more, and then brings you down to the station to blow into the Intoxilyzer 5000 breath machine. Now it’s been 2 hours since you were actually driving!

If you had consumed alcohol immediately before driving, the alcohol WAS NOT in your blood stream when you were actually driving, but by the time you ended up blowing into the Intoxilyzer Machine (2 hours after you were driving) at the police station, the alcohol has now been fully absorbed into your blood (due to passage of time) and will register on the test.
But you weren’t driving with that amount of alcohol in your blood, you were at the police station with that amount of alcohol in your blood.

So technically the crime you committed was blowing into an Intoxilyzer with a BAC of 0.08 or greater, NOT DRIVING WITH A BAC OF 0.08 OR GREATER! And it’s certainly not a crime to blow into a machine over the legal limit. It’s a crime to drive an automobile over the legal limit.
Do you see the rationale behind this theory? It’s very persuasive and effective!

This DUI Article is not to be construed as Legal Advice in Any Way, Shape or Form. You Should always seek the advice of a competent, qualified, attorney when making any Legal Decision. You should also have access to behind the scenes information so that your best interests are being met at all times.

For 3 Steps to Get a Clean Drivers License after Being Pulled over for a DUI go to http://tinyurl.com/269vt7
If You Want The Most Up to Date DUI Strategies From The Most Respected DUI Attorneys' in Practice Today Then go to http://tinyurl.com/269vt7 Don't Let a DUI Ruin Your Life. Protect Your Rights NOW!

Saturday, April 14, 2007

Corporation Law

By Ashley Castellanos
It has been said that one of the best qualities of US corporation law, is its federalist organization. A firm may choose its state of incorporation, a domicile that is independent of its actual physical presence, and one that can be changed at any time with shareholder approval. The corporation codes in each state contain the standard provisions for corporate governance and function as default provisions in corporate charters. The firm therefore can tailor their corporate charters to fit their needs more precisely under the state code. Just as important to them, firms may also look for a state whose corporation law best matches their needs.


The provisions in various corporation laws run the gamut from trivial housekeeping to the more fundamental need for fashioning the relationship between shareholders and managers. Corporation laws may provide for things as mundane as specifying that a corporation’s name be placed in its charter, to as esoteric a thing as specifying the fiduciary duties of managers and voting rights of shareholders, when these can be waived and procedures for corporate combinations, including when managers’ – as opposed to shareholders’ – decisions are controlling. States have provided a different set of governance defaults for small privately held firms, which are called ‘close corporation codes’. The varieties of corporation laws have an enabling approach thereby accommodating the diversity in organization, capital structure, and lines of business found in different business firms.


Most corporation laws have to wrestle with the problem of separation of ownership from control in the modern public corporation. The big, publicly held firms typically have numerous shareholders with small holdings, who cannot actively exercise control over the firm or monitor management. The holdings of the managers running such firms are usually infinitesimal. This creates what is called an ‘agency’ problem, in which the managers’ operation of a firm may deviate from the shareholders’ wishes to maximize the value of the firm.


It is not inconceivable, for example, to find managers implementing a policy that makes their jobs more secure, such as engaging in defensive tactics to thwart a corporate takeover, even though this policy may reduce the company’s value. Or, because the managers’ wealth is indexed to both present and prospective compensation in the firm, they may follow a corporate strategy to reduce firm-specific risk. A typical example is the diversification of corporate acquisitions, in spite of the knowledge that the shareholders will not benefit because they are holding diversified stock portfolios which are subject to market, not firm-specific, risks.


The primary role of corporation laws in this regard is to establish corporate governance policies that mitigate this agency problem by aligning managerial incentives with shareholder interests. Corporation laws have governance devices such as promoting shareholder-elected boards of directors to monitor managers, strengthening shareholder voting rights for fundamental corporate changes, and defining fiduciary duties that impose liability on managers and directors who act negligently or with divided loyalty (i.e. favor their own financial interest over that of shareholders). Perhaps, managers should be reminded that corporation law presumes that firms should be managed for shareholders’ interests, not those of managers, in situations when those interests are in conflict.


My name is Ashley Castellanos, and I have been helping Internet business owners set up and run their businesses correctly since 1997. I own Corporation Soft, a company that was created for, and is dedicated to teaching business owners about corporation law.
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Ashley_Castellanos

Thursday, April 12, 2007

Buying A Home? Who Is Representing Your Best Legal And Financial Interests?

By Jim Hart


Thinking about buying a home? Who is going to represent your best legal and financial interests? If you are counting on the real estate agent to make sure you are doing things right, you better stop and think again. Why? Because real estate agents legally represent sellers and not buyers and many home buyers are either ignorant of this fact or ignore it and it costs them money whether they realize it or not.


But what about buyer brokers you ask? Buyer brokers are a scam set up by the real estate industry to capture commissions on both sides of the equation. Agents get listing contracts and commissions from sellers when the home sells and buyer representative contracts and commissions when a buyer buys, depending on the language of the buyer contract. What’s wrong with this you ask? Here’s what’s wrong with it: It is a conflict of interest. There is no way an agent or agency can both list homes under contract to represent the best legal and financial interests of a seller and a buyer simultaneously. And this is especially true when a realty agent and their realty company is both listing and selling the same home.


It is theoretically impossible for a real estate company or their agents to represent the “best interests” of both buyers and sellers due to the nature of contract law. When a home seller enters into a listing contract with a realty company, the real estate agent and company has a legal or “fiduciary” duty to represent the seller. If the same company also enters into contracts with buyers to represent their “best interest” this automatically creates an inherit conflict of interest. Why? Because it is virtually impossible to represent the “best interests” of both parties under “contract” when considering issues like disclosure of financial and other proprietary and confidential information. The very act of negotiations involved in the transaction requires the disclosure of certain strategic information from the buyer to the buyer-rep. And this information can be easily divulged between agents without the buyer’s knowledge. This is especially true when considering that the agents will get a “commission check” from such a transaction. The commissions check (typically paid by the seller) and in any case, will create an automatic bias in the agent toward a transaction that will result in a commission check to their benefit. Human nature dictates this bias will tend to impact the representation of the transaction in some capacity resulting in the highest possible commission in favor of the agent and their company. This is a conflict of interest.


The only exception to this rule is IF the buyer broker real estate Company does NOT list homes for sale with sellers and represents buyers exclusively. And even then, one should use great caution.


Buying a home is the single largest investment of a lifetime for most and it is a BIG business deal composed of people, emotions, contracts and cash. These are all the ingredients for legal and financial pain if you don’t know what you are doing and most people don’t.


Here’s something agents won’t tell you: Before you sign a purchase contract (or any contract), make sure you write, above your signature, “subject to buyer’s attorney’s approval” then, sign the contract. By doing so, you can get out of the deal if it is not in your best interests.
Remember real estate agents are LICENSED in real estate and trained in real estate principals, practices, law and some financing… how much real estate training have you had?
SBS has a TON of information products that cover home buying and selling that will show you how to be an extremely smart buyer or seller…we tell you “everything a real estate agent doesn’t want you to know”.

Check us out….
Copyright © 2006 James W. Hart, IV All Rights reserved
Be Smart, Visit SBS. click this link http://smart67.com
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Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Jim_Hart